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Library of Congress Classification - F 592: Foreign Relations - A Guide for Catalogers

Library of Congress Classification - F 592 - Foreign Relations - A Guide for Catalogers

 




The document F 592 from the Library of Congress (LOC) Classification and Shelflisting Manual provides guidelines for classifying works on Foreign Relations within the LOC classification system (specifically schedules D, E, and F). These numbers are used for classifying works on the historical aspects of a region or country’s foreign relations.

Works on the more theoretical aspects of international relations, including those of individual regions or countries, are classed in JZ. 

Note: As used in this instruction sheet, the term region refers to any geographic area that consists of two or more countries, e.g. Africa, Europe, Scandinavia, South Asia, etc.




Contents:

  • Library of Congress Classification
  • Classification and Shelflisting Manual (CSM)
  • Library of Congress Classification - F 592: Foreign Relations - A Guide for Catalogers
    1. Scope and Distinctions
    2. General Foreign Relations
    3. Relations Between Two Entities
    4. Specific Time Periods
    5. Summary Table of Classification Priority
    6. Examples
  • See Also
  • Reference




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It was developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to organize and arrange the book collections of the Library of Congress. Over the course of the twentieth century, the system was adopted for use by other libraries as well, especially large academic libraries in the United States. It is currently one of the most widely used library classification systems in the world. The Library's Policy and Standards Division maintains and develops the system. In recent decades, as the Library of Congress made its records available electronically through its online catalog, more libraries have adopted LCC for both subject cataloging as well as shelflisting.




CLASSIFICATION AND SHELFLISTING MANUAL (CSM) 

The Classification and Shelflisting Manual (CSM) is a comprehensive set of policy guidelines and instruction sheets used by catalogers to assign Library of Congress Classification (LCC) numbers and manage the physical arrangement of library materials. It was created by combining the former Subject Cataloging Manual: Shelflisting with newer classification policies

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidelines for establishing Library of Congress classification numbers and assigning them to library materials, as well as for shelflisting materials collected by the Library of Congress. It is an accumulation of guidelines that have been formulated over several decades dealing with commonly recurring questions that arise when using the LC classification.




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION 

F 592: FOREIGN RELATIONS

A GUIDE FOR CATALOGERS




Below is a summary of the key instructions for catalogers:


1. Scope and Distinctions

  • Historical vs. Theoretical: This sheet applies to works discussing the historical aspects of a region or country's foreign relations (classed in D, E, and F). Works focusing on the theoretical aspects of international relations are instead classed in JZ.

  • Region Definition: For these purposes, a "region" is defined as any geographic area consisting of two or more countries (e.g., Africa, Scandinavia, South Asia).

2. General Foreign Relations

  • Works discussing the general foreign relations of a country or region should be placed in the specific "Foreign and General Relations" number for that entity.

  • If the work is limited to a specific time period, it is classed under the corresponding chronological number for that country's foreign relations.

3. Relations Between Two Entities

The manual provides a hierarchy for deciding where to class a book that discusses the relationship between two places:

  • Region vs. Country: If a work discusses the relations between a large region and a single country, it is always classed with the region (e.g., a book on U.S. policy toward Africa is classed with Africa).

  • Region vs. Region: Class based on the primary emphasis of the work.

  • United States vs. Another Country: Works discussing the U.S. and one other specific country are classed with the United States (Schedule E).

  • Country vs. Country (non-U.S.): For relations between two individual countries (neither being the U.S.), the cataloger chooses based on the emphasis of the work. This is determined by the title, the text, or the country of publication.

4. Specific Time Periods

  • Works should be classed in the specific time period number if one exists.

  • If a specific foreign relations number for a certain period does not exist, the work is classed in the next broader foreign relations number available for that country.

5. Summary Table of Classification Priority

Relationship TypeWhere to Class
Region + CountryUnder the Region
U.S. + One CountryUnder the United States
Two RegionsUnder the Main Emphasis
Two Countries (No U.S.)Under the Main Emphasis

6. Examples


Note: In MARC 21 cataloging, the tag 651 is used for the Subject Added Entry-Geographic Name, and 050 is used for Library of Congress Classification number.


1. Case: Regions

Title: Namibia and the Nordic countries.

651 #0 $a Scandinavia $x Foreign relations $z Namibia.

651 #0 $a Namibia $x Foreign relations $z Scandinavia.

[Class with Scandinavia (DL59)]

050 00 $a DL59


2. Case: Regions

Title: Reshaping Europe : strategies for a post-cold war Europe.

651 #0 $a Europe $x Foreign relations $z United States.

651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $z Europe.

651 #0 $a Europe $x Foreign relations $y 1989-

651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $y 1989-

[Class with Europe (D1065)]

050 00 $a D1065


3. Case: Regions

Title: Europe and Africa : the new phase.

651 #0 $a Europe $x Foreign relations $z Africa.

651 #0 $a Africa $x Foreign relations $z Europe.

651 #0 $a Europe $x Foreign relations $y 1989-

[Class with Europe (D1065)]

050 00 $a D1065


4. Case: Individual countries

Title: Decolonization and dependence : the development of Nigeria-U.S. relations, 1960-1984.

651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $z Nigeria.

651 #0 $a Nigeria $x Foreign relations $z United States.

[Class with the United States (E183.8)]

050 00 $a E183.8


5. Case: Individual countries

Title: U.S. policy toward Africa : promoting reform in the 1990s.

651 #0 $a Africa $x Foreign relations $z United States.

651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $z Africa.

651 #0 $a Africa $x Foreign relations $y 1960-

651 #0 $a United States $x Foreign relations $y 1989-

[Class with Africa (DT38.7)]

050 00 $a DT38.7


6. Case: Individual countries

Title: Natural and necessary enemies : Anglo-French relations in the eighteenth century.

651 #0 $a Great Britain $x Foreign relations $z France.

651 #0 $a France $x Foreign relations $z Great Britain.

651 #0 $a Great Britain $x Foreign relations $y 18th century.

651 #0 $a France $x Foreign relations $y 1715-1793.

[Class with Great Britain (DA47.1)]

050 00 $a DA47.1


7. Case: Individual countries

Title: Relations politiques franco-britanniques, 1947-1958.

651 #0 $a France $x Foreign relations $z Great Britain.

651 #0 $a Great Britain $x Foreign relations $z France.

651 #0 $a France $x Foreign relations $y 1945-1958.

651 #0 $a Great Britain $x Foreign relations $y 1945-

[Class with France (DC59.8)]

050 00 $a DC59.8






SEE ALSO




REFERENCE

1. Library of Congress, "Foreign Relations F 592," https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeCSM/F592.pdf (accessed April 9, 2026).